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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク England and Wales Precipitation ： ウィキペディア英語版 England and Wales Precipitation The England and Wales Precipitation (EWP) record is a meteorological dataset which was originally published in the journal ''British Rainfall'' in 1931 and updated in a greatly revised form by a number of climatologists including Janice Lough, Tom Wigley and Phil Jones during the 1970s and 1980s. The monthly mean rainfall and snowfall for the region of England and Wales are given (in millimetres) from the year 1766 to the present, though the original 1931 dataset went as far back as 1727.〔Nicholas, F. J. and Glasspoole, J. 1931. “General Monthly Rainfall over England and Wales 1727 to 1931”, ''British Rainfall'' (1931), p. 299.〕 ==Data quality== The England and Wales Precipitation series for its earlier years was based on the work of amateur observers whose observations were collected by George James Symons in ''British Rainfall'' and analysed extensively in 1931 to form a monthly series as far back as 1727. Detailed analysis during the early 1980s showed by use of principal component analysis that England and Wales could be climatologically divided into five regions corresponding closely to present-day meteorological divisions;〔Lough, Janice; Wigley Tom and Jones, Phil; “Spatial patterns of precipitation in England and Wales and a revised homogeneous England and Wales precipitation series”; in ''Journal of Climatology''; Volume 4, pp. 1-25 (1984)〕 however, because of the absence of data from South West England between 1813 and 1816 and from North West England before 1766,〔Craddock, J.M.; “Annual rainfall in England since 1725” in ''Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society'', 102 (1976), pp. 823-840〕 the modern series begins in January of 1766. Separate data for each region of England go back only to 1873.〔(Hadley Center UK Precipitation )〕 Recent analysis suggests that the sparse data (besides the absence of data from South West England for four years, only one station was used per region until the 1820s〔) from early years can lead to bias towards drier conditions since higher and wetter areas are not likely to be accounted for,〔Simpson, I. R. and Jones, Phil; “Updated precipitation series for the UK derived from Met Office gridded data”; in ''International Journal of Climatology'' 32 (2012), pp. 2271–2282〕 though no effort has yet been made to examine the data. There has also been a suggestion that many of the very earliest values, before ''circa'' 1780 and for a few years near 1800 and between 1809 and 1813, are rather too low compared to other estimates from A.F. Jenkinson of the University of East Anglia.〔Woodley, M.R.; “A Review of Two National Rainfall Series”; in ''International Journal of Climatology'', 16, pp. 677-687 (1996)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「England and Wales Precipitation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.